Dari Benteng Belanda ke Istiqlal

This is the most monumental mosque and the largest in Southeast Asia. Istiqlal means 'Freedom', symbolizing the independence and prosperity of the Indonesian people after successfully freeing themselves from the shackles of colonialism. President Sukarno deliberately chose to build this mosque on the ruins of the former Dutch fort which covers 9.9 hectares. 

Dutch Fortress or Citadel located at Wilhelmina Park. Formerly in the middle of the Istiqlal there Michiels Monument, in honor of Major General Andreas Victor Michiels, Dutch military commander in West Sumatra. He died from severe injuries suffered by the freedom fighters when facing a rebellion led an expedition in Bali (23 in 1848). This colonial emblem destroyed after independence. 

While the name was changed to Wilhelmina Park Wijayakusuma Park, Jalan Pintu Air, Central Jakarta. Istiqlal mosque construction was initiated by the Minister of Religious KH Wahid Hasyim (the father Gus Dur) and H Anwar Tjokroaminoto (HOS son Tjokroaminoto) together with other Muslim leaders in 1950, just a few months after the transfer of sovereignty. This all-powerful fortress, when demolished with dynamite by the Army Corps of Engineers takes one and a half years. 

During the month of Ramadan, thousands of worshipers can enjoy iftar together at Istiqlal, which its food is donated by benefactors. Every Friday is not less than 25 thousand worshipers at this magnificent mosque. While on Eid, estimated worshipers membeludak reached more than 200 thousand people. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the ministers, and diplomatic corps will pray in the mosque ID pride of the people of Indonesia. 

Istiqlal Mosque consists of several buildings. Like, the main building measuring 100 x 100 m (one hectare), is the principal building and all around there are five floors. The total building area of ​​36,980 square meters parent or almost four hectares. On top of the main building is made dome-shaped skeleton of the polyhedron, which wrapped betuh reinforced construction. At its peak, there is the epitome of 'Crescent and Star' is made of stainless steel. 

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Gang Secretarie (Jalan Veteran III) 1870-an

Gang Secretarie (now Jalan Veteran III), Central Jakarta, was originally a place to serve the activities of the secretariat general of the Dutch East Indies governor, like the state secretariat today. Serve the interests of the building where the colonial administration (not pictured), located on the front right side. This building later became the Hotel der Nederlanden (1846), a magnificent second after Des Indes Hotel. Previous (1840), named Hotel Royale. After independence (1950), because the smell colonial name was changed to Hotel Nirmala Dharma. 

President Sukarno, who dwelt in the Palace (next to the hotel), for the sake of security and then make it as headquarters Tjakrabirawa, special forces guard the president and his family. In 1969, when a special guard Tjakrabirawa President Suharto disbanded, the building was used as office Bina Graha presidential one workplace everyday. 

According to the Dutch historian early 20th century, de Haan, the existence of this road started when in 1794, a wealthy landowner, Pieter Tency, in 1794 to build a luxury house in the plot of land that extends from Veterans Road to Merdeka North. Includes land that is now standing Harmony House (now part of the State Secretariat after demolished), the National Palace and the Palace. 

In the photo, visible roads are not paved at that time stood still lighting the gas and just installed since the afternoon. Gang Secretarie (seketre community), a local elite who favored because on both sides filled with trees. Then, the whole house has been demolished and the area is part of the Presidential Palace. In this place, located DPA Building Council (SAC), the highest state body which is now defunct. At the end of the Gang Secretarie, dealing with Monas, there are buildings MA (Supreme Court). 

Until early 1960, in Jalan Veteran III there are several companies and shops, before used as a presidential activities. Contrary to Bina Graha, are building the American Motion Picture Association of Importers (Association of the U.S. film importers), which supplies films from Uncle Sam to the Indonesian state. When the left did boycott of U.S. movies and the West, in March 1965 the building burned. In this place, then re-built the Secretariat of State. 

REPUBLIKA - Saturday, October 3, 2009

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Panser NICA Mencari Pejuang

Just over a month after the declaration of independence, allied forces led by British army arrived in the port of Tanjung Priok with heavy weapons. Together with Allied, join forces piggybacking Netherlands (NICA = Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) who want power back dibekas colonies. In the photo, visible when using Panzers NICA troops entered one of the villages in Jakarta. They are looking for fighters on the physical revolution (1945-1949) was determined to 'ready to die to defend freedom'. Look how sunyinya highway only small children and the mothers who stand on their home page. 

Allied troops landing in Jakarta cause a variety of resistance. Until there was chaos-chaos in various places. NICA troops disruptive streets of the capital and opened fire on the people without distinction, especially the fighters who died defending freedom. Not only in the villages, NICA forces also plundered the passenger trains including the elderly. I still remember the end of 1945 when the situation in the villages young men with guns preparing bamboo spears to fight against the Dutch. 

To avoid the entry of the Dutch troops, driveway installed in the villages of barbed wire barricade. Meanwhile, the women especially the girls prepare a soup kitchen for the fighters. In the village Kwitang, Central Jakarta, many of the fighters who died in the struggle against the Dutch. Due to the cemetery in Karet, Tanah Abang, unsafe, these fighters are buried behind the mosque Kwitang. Only after the transfer of sovereignty, they were buried at Kalibata Heroes Cemetery. 

Because the Netherlands (NICA) overwhelmed by the opposition, in a number of villages NICA burn houses and spewing bullets tommygun it to the people, who tried to put out the fire. At that time, many young NICA kidnapped and taken to the Police Headquarters in Hopbiro, which was then located on the monument (in front of the Department of Defense). 

File entries, as stated President Sukarno, shows in Jakarta alone between September and December 1945 around 8,000 people were killed. President Sukarno as dituturkannya to U.S. author Cindy Adams stated, "One of the reasons why I'm not happy to England was because of all the terror committed in a planned, carried out under the eyelid England, while they (the UK) is responsible for ensuring the 'law and order 'in our islands. "

The struggle of the people in the country to maintain the independence gave birth to the formation of People's Security Army (TKR) on October 5, 1945, which later became the forerunner of the Indonesian Armed Forces (ABRI). 

REPUBLIKA - Saturday, October 24, 2009

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‘Kota Hantu’ Batavia

REPUBLIKA - Sunday, December 9, 2007 Page: 11a Author: Alwi Shahab Size: 5092 bytes 

Couperus, a newcomer from the Netherlands, so get off of the ship at the port of Sunda Kalapa Batavia in 1815 testifies that previously received the title 'queen of the east' has changed as if a ghost town. 

Then he explored Princenstraat which has now become Jalan Clove, north of the Post Office, Jakarta City. He found several buildings in the old town has been destroyed to the ground including the Governor General's Palace, which is quite a magnificent building at the time. 

The destruction was carried out by the governor-general Herman Willem Daendels in 1808 when it moved downtown to Weltevreden (Gambir and Bull Field), located about 15 km south of the old city. The move was made as the center of the seaside town has become a hotbed of disease. There is mention of 'grave' Dutchmen. 

In fact, prior to his way extending Princenstraat an elite area of ​​the Netherlands. Here are luxury buildings that are part of the most beautiful city of Batavia. "They build houses on the edge of the ditch and canal Tigergrach (canal tiger), a neatly fenced plant walnut trees on both sides, more than anything else I've ever seen in Holland," wrote Couperos. 

At the center of the population of the city government of VOC Batavia busy every day to the office, market or simply cruise around town, while showing off wealth. Great ladies of the Company, as well as Dutch nyai, fancy dress department with tiered skirt like a chicken cage. They seek out the wind beside the canal and the canal Batavia with supercilious. 

The slaves and their accompanying bedinde running. Umbrella face of hot tropical sun. The slave women continue fanning the breeze for the housekeeper who keeps chewing betel nut, memerahi lips. 

Meanwhile, under the shade of a walnut tree lined neatly along the banks of the canal and the canal, passing Batavia residents amid a flurry thousand. "At dusk ahead, bath houses along the banks of the canal and the canal wall, filled with topless women bathing in the water, a man-eater crocodile worry zonder fad that came peeping," Thomas wrote in a book store B Ataladjar Red. At that time, when a moonlit night, especially Saturday night, young men and women who were in love singing while strumming the guitar exploring the canals by boat. 

For residents of Greater Jakarta - Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi will be very difficult today to imagine the city of Batavia were relaxed in the late 18th century and 19th century. Most of the buildings from that era have been razed to the ground. Beautiful gardens surround the villas that give color to the city of Batavia Europe has lost. Some remnants from the past was now appear dirty. Traffic jams, while the mouth of the Ciliwung once proud and accessible to ships, looked dirty, blackish and odorless.

In those days there were no cars, and of course there is no congestion, especially pollution. Hawkers, fast track and lifelike without being chased time like the present. That there are only a few horse-drawn sado broke the silence that is not paved highway and shaded by leafy trees that stand firm without fear of falling as often happens these days. 

According to Bernard Dorleans in the book People Indonesia & The French of Century XVI s / d XX century, in 1815 Batavia has a population of only 47 thousand inhabitants and by the end of the 19th century as many as 116 thousand people. In other words, the capital of the Dutch East Indies when compared with the rural atmosphere of the industrial city and port of Surabaya with a population of 147 thousand inhabitants and rhythmic life faster. 

Governor General Daendels, after devastated the old city of Batavia, Weltevreden build dozens of kilometers south of the old city. In addition to building and government offices as a center, he also built a field Gambir who initially named the Champs de Mars. Then, when the Netherlands became Konings Plein power back. In Weltevreden he also built what is now the Waterlooplein Banteng. 

Konings Plein by Betawi people are called Gambir and Field Ikada Field during the Japanese (now Square Monas), perhaps the most extensive in the world field. Broader than the Santo Pietro in Vatican where the Pope face to face with Catholic pilgrims. Also broader than Tian An Men in Beijing and Red Square in Moscow. 

Near the monument there Betel Garden. Name, it can be expected, the area was once a betel garden. The vines were not so long ago many people to tune chewed nyirih (betel nut). Completeness include lime (betel), areca and gambier. 

Until the 1960s in homes where betel is still available for the mothers who came to visit with spittoons to throw red colored saliva after chewing. Until the 19th century, not just women, men too much to nyirih.

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Laan Trivelli di Tanah Abang

Photos of the early 20th century show that immortalized the highway from the point Trivell Gang (now Jl Tanah Abang II) to the Central Jakarta Tanah Abang Market. From a distance, it appears from the electric tram-Harmony Fish Market to Tanah Abang. Along the way he passed, power poles lined up in Jl Abdul Muis (first Jl Tanah Abang Hill). On the left in front of the wide gravel roads or referred Laan, visible row of houses whitewashed villa full of neatly organized plants. Looks wagon was passing in the street looking for passengers. At that time, most of the Betawi people work as towing a wagon. In the villages, there are many stables (stables places). 

Tanah Abang when it is part of the Weltevreden (area more comfortable) with Gambir and New Market, after the Dutch citizens busy to migrate from the old town in the Fish Market. The houses are lined up in villas Jl Abdul Muis now there are none left. Into offices and shops and businesses that have been fused with the Tanah Abang market. 

The market was once dubbed 'the market goat' is now being extended to Kebun Kacang (there are 30 aisles), Jl KH Mas Mansyur, Kebun Melati, Petamburan, Ilir Dam, to Brass. It shows how rapidly the business in this market, which was founded 271 years ago. Among the old buildings are still lagging behind in Tanah Abang is Masjid Al-Makmur, historic mosques built 17th century by two brothers of the Islamic Mataram kingdom when attacked Batavia in 1628 and 1629. 

Street names 

In the colonial era, the Dutch always boast the names of streets, places, and villages in Batavia to mimic the name of his country. Including, community leaders, kings, and queens them. In Laan Trivelli, there is a Presidential Guard headquarters (Paswalpres). Beside him, Jl Tanah Abang I first called Kerkhoflaan. 

In this way, there is a burial place Inscription Museum Europeans / Christians side by side with the mayor's office in Central Jakarta. Here, we find a number of governors-general inscriptions and tomb of Dutch citizens / Europe who died in Batavia. The tombs in the form of the inscription has been transferred here from the old cemetery in the city, which is located next to the Jakarta History Museum. 

Still in the area of ​​Tanah Abang, Jl Tanah Abang III formerly Laan de Riemer, the name of the Dutch people who once inhabited the streets in the 19th century. Adjacent to this road is Jalan Tanah Abang IV, which in colonial times was named Laan de Briljkop and by the tongue called Gang Brengkop Betawi. Jalan Tanah Abang named V Gang Thomas also perpetuate the name of the Dutch citizens who live in this way. 

In Jl Tanah Abang V, where the late former foreign minister Ali Alatas was raised. His father was Abdullah Salim Alatas, once a professor of Arabic at the University of Indonesia. Beginning in the 1960s, when Hamka in his book titled Sinking Ship Van der Wijk, accused of plagiarism by leftists (LEKRA) Manfulutfi Egyptian author, Abdullah Salim Alatas defend it in a debate when it's warm.

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Capitol di Sluisburg

Masjid Istiqlal (Independence) is one of the grandest mosques in Asia. Mosque altitude of 6,666 centimeters or almost 70 meters (taken from the number of verses of the Koran) was the most visited Muslims in Jakarta. Each Friday prayer, not less than 2,000 to 2,500 worshipers at this mosque. While the Eid prayer and Eid al-Adha number exploded to reach 250-300 thousand worshipers.

With the construction of the Istiqlal collapsed Dutch forts located in the Wilhelmina Park and built in honor of Queen Wilhelmina, who was born on August 31, 1898. She is the grandmother of Queen Beatrix. Betawi people used to call it 'building land' because, according to the story, here there is a fort or tunnel underground (bunker) which is said to get to the fortress of the Company at the Fish Market.

In front of the Istiqlal there floodgates to control the channel of Molenvliet (Harmony) is deflected towards Noordwijk (Jl Juanda), Risjwijk (Jl Veteran), continues into New Markets and Gunung Sahari. In the Dutch period, called sluisburg sluice, which is also the name of the street at that time. Only after independence was changed to Jalan Pintu Air. Here is the first in the elite area was inhabited by the Dutch. Then, in the 1920s, also built Menteng for Dutch citizens who increasingly came to Batavia.

In the past, there is a cinema in front of Istiqlal Capitol Theatre, which has now been converted into shops. Capitol just play the first cinema films West (United States). In the early 1950s, when the Usmar Ismail founded the Perfini (1950) and a year later in one after another by Jamaladin Malik (Persari), Indonesian films start popping up a lot. In the mid-1950s Usmar Ismail (Perfini) makes films crisis. Usmar was trying to get the film in theaters production Capitol. At that time, the right to decide whether a movie is playing at the Capitol Crisis deserve, is a Western named Wetkin.

As soon as the manager of the Capitol is not convinced the Indonesian movie, to not to look at first, he also boasted by issuing insulting words which stated, "The Indonesian film was shown at the Capitol inappropriate". Unlike Malik Jamaladin explosive, Usmar Ismail sabarpun can not accept this humiliation. "So he punched the leadership of the Capitol".

In order not to cause bigger problems and to relieve tension, then the general manager of MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer) to Indonesia, Alexander Wenas, offered to let the film Crisis Usmar Ismail played at Metropole cinema (now Megaria). Cinema which contains 1,500 spectators, since the 1950s stands just screening films MGM output when playing a movie 'crisis' was a huge success. For 35 days this movie in theaters Metropole.

Due to success of the film Crisis, Capitol cinema was changing attitudes and opening up to the Indonesian film. Then go Djamaludin Malik (Persari) with films promise. Then re-Usmar play movies Three Dara (Mieke Widjaya, Indriati Isaac and Chitra Dewi) were also successful.

On the left side of the Capitol cinema on the banks of the river are partially elevated there is a fancy restaurant every night became the place to be dancing. Restaurant overlooking the Capitol at the time of the Ciliwung river water is still clear decorated with light colors. The steak is very famous because of bistiknya Netherlands. This restaurant provided drinks forbidden that makes the drinker becomes intoxicated drunk.

Because of its location opposite the Istiqlal Mosque which was built at that time, the Muslims became angry. Without pardon, theaters and restaurants burnt Capitol. Not just once, but three times the mass of burning. Then, before disbanding, the theater changed its name Ceno. Because Jl Pintu Air is located in the elite, on the left side there is a nightclub Istiqlal Mosque Black Cut. But after independence, entertainment venues located in the Citadel (now Jl Veteran I) was closed.

On the right side of the Capitol, bersebrangan in the same way, there is a cinema Astoria (later became Knight). Though smaller than the Capitol, but Astoria including a cinema class. In this theater, in the mid-1950s, the Indian film ever screened Dil E Nadaan, the great success. Played for 55 days consecutively. Until Usmar once commented, "Dil amount, quite haphazard." This film beat movie Rock Round The Clock Bill Haeliy and Rock and Roll Elvis Presley.

One of the Hollywood star who became the idol of young people when it is James Dean. His first film, Rebel without a Cause, a huge success. James Dean wearing a red leather jacket. So crowded-insured the youth wearing a red jacket. Unfortunately, this movie stars dying young from traffic accidents while starring in the movie Giant with Rock Hudson and Elizabeth Taylor.

At that time there was a tendency of young people imitate the style of the actors and actresses of Hollywood. Like the hair tuft Tony Curtis, Rock Hudson or macho. By the time the movie is playing Sabrina, the girls emulate Audrey Hepburn haircut hair cut short like a man.

REPUBLIKA - Sunday, December 16, 2007

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Pelabuhan Lama Sunda Kalapa 1860-an

Photo two photographers who immortalized Woodbury & Page in the 1860s shows the old port of Sunda Kalapa, North Jakarta, with buildings that still looks solid. Seen a barge docked on the banks of the Ciliwung River after carrying passengers from overseas to the City of Batavia. They were taken by barge after a long journey due to the mouth of the port of Sunda Kalapa can no longer be landed due to muddy. In front of him, tin-roofed building seen customs checkpoints after passenger lowered.

The passengers were then rested in the building that is in front of him. Here, they can spend the night for the next day proceeded to the city center. Hotel or a resort to accommodate newcomers, as well as a place to sleep for those who travel abroad a famous resting place when the guests enter the City of Batavia. It is in the east Sunda Kalapa canal opposite the Maritime Museum, which when it acts as a storehouse of spices.

In the photo collection Schiller Museum, Amsterdam, looks beautiful buildings around the mouth of the canal Sunda Kalapa. A large part of the building was then used for office and administrative services. On the left channel, seen a large building. This building is a fish market built in 1846. Though now the market no longer exists, the name Fish Market still remain attached until now.

In the vicinity of this place before the arrival of the VOC (VOC), the place where the palace of the Prince Jayawikarta after conquering the Portuguese in 1527. Located around the tower built Syahbandar VOC in the 18th century to monitor the entry and exit of ships. Now, a busy street between a police station and the Maritime Museum. Tower Syahbandar-one historical heritage of Jakarta-now situation is of growing concern. The tower is in a state tilted and threatened to collapse.

All the events of the battle between the forces Jayakarta and Portuguese, all occurring in the sea around the southern motorway Tanjung Priok-Pluit new. Therefore, when the entire area in the Fish Market is still a marine. The entire building is visible in the photo, now we can not find anymore. Destroyed by the governor general of Marshal Daendels in 1808-1809 when he moved to the south of the old city, called Weltevreden (areas more comfortable).

Sunda Kalapa harbor defunct as an ocean port since moved to Tanjung Priok in 1887, because it no longer can accommodate steamers are much larger than sailboats.

REPUBLIKA - Saturday, November 07, 2009

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